Microcontrollers (MCUs)

The MCS-48 microcontroller (µC) series, Intel's first microcontroller, was originally released in 1976. Its first members were 8048, 8035 and 8748. The MCS-48 series has a Modified Harvard architecture, with internal or external program ROM and 64–256 bytes of internal (on-chip) RAM. The I/O is mapped into its own address space, separate from programs and data. The 8048 is probably the most prominent member of Intel's MCS-48 family of microcontrollers.

The Intel MCS-51 (commonly referred to as 8051) is a Harvard architecture, CISC instruction set, single chip MCU series which was developed by Intel in 1980 for use in embedded systems.

Intel's original versions were popular in the 1980s and early 1990s and enhanced binary compatible derivatives remain popular today. Intel's original MCS-51 family was developed using NMOS technology, but later versions, identified by a letter C in their name (e.g., 80C51) used CMOS technology and consume less power than their NMOS predecessors. This made them more suitable for battery-powered devices.

The 8751 has integrated EPROM instead of a one-time programmable ROM as the 8051 has.

The AVR is a modified Harvard architecture 8-bit RISC single chip microcontroller which was developed by Atmel in 1996. The AVR was one of the first microcontroller families to use on-chip flash memory for program storage, as opposed to one-time programmable ROM, EPROM, or EEPROM used by other microcontrollers at the time. megaAVR chips became extremely popular after they were designed into the 8-bit Arduino platform.

The brain of many of the Arduino development boards - ATmega328P microcontroller.

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